Library and Information Services Division

Library and Information Services Division

Current References 2004-1

Pioneers in Modern Meteorology and Climatology :

Vilhelm and Jacob Bjerknes

A Selected Bibliography

Vilhelm Bjerknes: Oljemaleri malt av Rolf Groven, 1983, eies av Geofysisk institutt

Prepared by

Anna Fiolek

NOAA Central Library

1315 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD 20910

U. S. Department of Commerce

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service

National Oceanographic Data Center

NOAA Central Library

January 2004

Rev. July 23, 2004

Preface

This bibliography has been compiled for the presentation on Vilhelm and Jacob Bjerknes’ works in the NOAA Central Library Network’s collections given by Doria Grimes at the 2004 Annual AMS/ASLI Conference on January 16, 2004, in Seattle, Washington.

The bibliography contains printed publications and online Internet resources by and on Bjerknes. The entries are arranged alphabetically by title. This publication is available online for downloading in Microsoft Word, HTML and in PDF formats at:

http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/Bjerknes_July_2004.pdf

http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/Bjerknes_July_2004.doc

http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/Bjerknes_July_2004.htm

Anna Fiolek, M.A., M.L.S.

NOAA Central Library

Silver Spring, MD

January 5, 2004

Rev. July 23, 2004

Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862-1951)

Photo courtesy of European Geophysical Society at:

http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/egs/bjerknes.htm

A Norwegian scientist who was one of the founders of modern meteorology and scientific weather forecasting, he was born in Oslo, Norway. His father, Carl Anton Bjerknes, was professor of mathematics at Christiania (now Oslo) University, and Vilhelm helped him with some of his experiments in hydrodynamics before leaving to spend 1890 and 1891 in Germany working as an assistant to and collaborator with the physicist Heinrich Hertz. He then spent two years as a lecturer at the School of Engineering (Högskola) in Stockholm and in 1895 was appointed professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm. In 1897, he developed a synthesis of hydrodynamics and thermodynamics that allowed him to propose a system for forecasting weather scientifically. In 1904, he published a scientific paper outlining a method of numerical forecasting. The Carnegie Institution supported this work, allowing Bjerknes to employ a long series of "Carnegie assistants" who joined the "schools" he founded at Leipzig and Bergen.

Bjerknes returned to Norway in 1907 as a professor at Kristiania (the spelling had been changed) University and, in 1910 and 1911, he and three of his assistants (the Swedish meteorologist Johan W. Sandström and the Norwegians Olaf D. Devik and T. Hesselberg) published Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography. This book described their research to date and proposed many new techniques for weather forecasting as well as suggesting improvements to existing ones. In 1912, he was appointed professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig. While there he founded the Leipzig Geophysical Institute.

In 1917, during World War I, Bjerknes returned to Norway to found the Bergen Geophysical Institute as part of the Bergen museum. It is now part of the University of Bergen. He joined the staff of the University of Oslo in 1926 and remained there until his retirement in 1932.

It was while he was at the Bergen Institute that Bjerknes did his most important work. During World War I, he and his colleagues established a network of weather stations throughout Norway. These reported observations and measurements to Bergen, where they were assembled to produce general pictures of weather conditions at particular times over a wide area. Studying these pictures led Bjerknes and other members of the Bergen School to conclude that there exist air masses that differ from each other and that these masses are separated by distinct boundaries. Likening the masses to opposing armies, they called the boundaries between them fronts and developed a frontal theory to account for their development and disappearance and the weather associated with them.

The Bergen frontal theory also explained the way cyclones form over the Atlantic. Bjerknes described this work in 1921 in a book that became a classic: On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion. This formed the basis for the modern theory and practice of meteorology.

Vilhelm Bjerknes was an inspired and popular teacher who attracted talented workers and made sure they received full recognition for their work. He died in Oslo on April 9, 1951.

(Allaby, Michael. Bjerknes, Vilhelm Frimann Koren." Encyclopedia of Weather and Climate. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2002. Science Online. http://)

Vilhelm Bjerknes, 1862 - 1951 (Drawing by Hailey King)

Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes ( 1897‑1975)

(Photo courtesy of Eugene M. Rasmussen, University of Maryland)

The son of Vilhelm Frimann Koren Bjerknes, Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes was born in Stockholm and, during World War I, helped his father organize the network of weather stations that supplied the data they used to develop their theories of air masses and polar fronts. Jacob also discovered that depressions originate as waves on fronts. In 1939, he moved to the United States and in 1940 became professor of meteorology at the University of California, Los Angeles. He became a U.S. citizen in 1946. After World War II, Bjerknes conducted extensive studies of the upper atmosphere and jet stream; in 1952 he was among the first to use for this purpose photographs taken by high‑altitude research rockets. Bjerknes also studied the climatic consequences of the interaction of the ocean and atmosphere in the tropical Pacific and in 1969 was the first to propose what became known as the Bjerknes hypothesis. This holds that ENSO arises from changes in sea‑surface temperature, leading to changes in wind strength and direction, leading to changes in the ocean circulation, leading to further changes in sea‑surface temperature. Bjerknes died in Los Angeles, in 1975.

(Allaby, Michael. "Bjerknes, Jacob A. B." Encyclopedia of Weather and Climate. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2002. Science Online. http://www.factsonfile.com

List of selected publications by Vilhelm Bjerknes held in the NOAA Library Network:

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Bemerkung zu der vorhergehenden Abhandlung. Stockholm, 1901. Mitgeteilt am 11 Dezember 1901 durch S. Arrhenius. Library’s copy bound with: Sandstrom, J. W. (Johan Wilhelm), 1874‑1947. Ueber die Beziehung zwischen Temperatur und Luftbewegung in der Atmosphäre unter stationären Verhältnissen. Series: Kongl. Svenska vetenskaps‑akademiens förhandlingar ; no. 10.

QC934 .B55 1901

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. The circulatory movements in the atmosphere. In: Monthly weather review. Washington, D.C. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Weather Bureau, 1900, v. 28, no. 12, p. 532-535.

JOURNALS

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Dynamic meteorology and hydrography. Washington, D.C : Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1910‑1911. 2 v. Accompanied by 60 maps in portfolio called: Dynamic meteorology and hydrography. Plates (Pub. 1911).

QC880 .B6 1910 Plates

QC880 .B6 1910 pt.1

QC880 .B6 1910 pt.1 (Tables)

QC880 .B6 1910 pt.2

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Dynamic meteorology and hydrography. In German.

Dynamische Meteorologie und Hydrographie. Braunschweig : F. Vieweg, 1912. 2 v. Accompanied by 60 maps in portfolio called: Dynamische Meteorologie und Hydrographie (Atlas). Translation of English title: Dynamic meteorology and hydrography.

QC880 .B615 1912 Plates

QC880 .B615 1912 pt.1

QC880 .B615 1912 pt.2

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. The Dynamic principles of the circulatory movements in the atmosphere. In: Monthly weather review. Washington, D.C. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Weather Bureau, 1900, v. 28, no. 10, p. 434-443.

JOURNALS

Festskrift tillägnad Vilhelm Bjerknes den 14 mars 1942. Stockholm : Centraltryckeriet, 1942. In: Swedish, English and German.

Contents: Vilhelm Bjerknes 80 ar ‑‑ Vilhelm Bjerknes' cirkulationssats och dess allmanna betydelse i fysiken och geofysikin / av Tor Bergeron ‑‑ Studies in north east Greenland,

accumulation and ablation on the Froya Glacier, its regime in 1938‑39 and 1939‑40 / by Hans W:son Ahlmann ‑‑ Studies in northeast Greenland, Meteorological records and the ablation on the Froya glacier in relation to radiation and meteorological conditions / by Backa Erik Eriksson ‑‑ A new era in teaching synoptic meteorology / by Tor Bergeron ‑‑ On the determination of variable mean values / by V. Walfrid Ekman ‑‑ Synoptisch‑aerologische Bearbeitung der Internationalen Registrierballonaufstiege in Europa in der Zeit 17.‑19. Oktober 1935 / von Alf Nyberg und Erik Palmén ‑‑ Solstraaling og Epidemier / af Helge Petersen ‑‑ Vindströmmar och tröghetsströmmar / av Hans Pettersson ‑‑ Principiella synpunkter på undersökningar över klimatets förändring / av Anders Ångström.

QC852 .F47 1942

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Fields of force. Supplementary lectures, applications to meteorology; a course of lectures in mathematical physics delivered December 1 to 23, 1905. New York: Columbia University Press, 1906.

QA911 .B5 1906 (Online)

Electronic access:

http://historical.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cul.math/docviewer?did=02780002&seq=1

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Geopotential. Oslo : Grøndhal & Son, 1930.

QB331 .B5 1930

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. [Physikalische Hydrodynamik, mit Anwendung auf die dynamische Meteorologie. German] Hydrodynamique physique avec applications a la météorologie dynamique. V. Bjerknes, J. Bjerknes, H. Solberg, T. Bergeron. Paris : Les Presses universitaires de France, 1934. Author's translation from German. Series: Recueil des conferences‑rapports de documentation sur la physique ; v. 23.

QA911 .B6314 1934 v.1

QA911 .B6314 1934 v.2

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Die Meteorologie als exakte Wissenschaft.

Braunschweig, F. Vieweg & Sohn, 1913."Antrittsvorlesung gehalten am 8. Januar 1913 in der Aula der Universitat Leipzig."

QA911 .B64 1913

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. On quasi static wavemotion in barotropic fluid strata. Kristiania : I kimmission hos Cammermeyers boghandel, 1923.

Series: Geofysiske publikationer ; v. 3, no. 3.

QC801 .N67 v.3, no.3

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. On the dynamics of the circular vortex : with applications to the atmosphere and atmospheric vortex and wave motions. Kristiana : I kommission hos Cammermeyers bokhandel, 1921. Series: Geofysiske publikationer ; v. 2, no. 4.

QC801 .N67 v.2, no.4

Ekman, V. Walfrid (Vagn Walfrid), 1874‑1954. On the influence of the earth's rotation on ocean‑currents = Über Horisontalzirkulation bei Winderzeugten Meeresstromungen. Communicated May 10th 1905 by O. Pettersson and V. Bjerknes. Uppsala, Sweden, 1905. Series: Arkiv for matematik, astronomi och fysik ; Bd. 2, no. 11.

GC239.3.M3 E4 1905

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Physikalische Hydrodynamik, mit Anwendung auf die dynamische Meteorologie. V. Bjerknes, J. Bjerknes, H. Solberg, T. Bergeron. Berlin : J. Springer, 1933. "Mit 151 Abbildungen."

QA911 .B63 1933

QA911 .B63 1933 (M-film)

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. [Physikalische Hydrodynamik, mit Anwendung auf die dynamische Meteorologie. German] Physical hydrodynamics with application to dynamic meteorology. V. Bjerknes, J. Bjerknes, H. Solberg, T. Bergeron. 1946. Typescript. Originally published in German by Julius Springer, Berlin 1933. English translation by Paul C. Kangieser of the first two chapters of the author's Physikalische Hydrodynamik, mit Anwendung auf die dynamische Meteorologie.

QA911 .B6313 1946

QA911 .B6313 1946 (M-film)

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Die Polarfronttheorie. In: Internat. Studiengesellschaft zur Erforschung der Arktis mit dem Luftschiff (Aeroarctic) : Verhandlungen der I. ordentl. Versammlung in Berlin, 9.‑13. November 1926. Gotha, 1927 (p. 53-60).

QC880.4.F7 I57 1927

Skandinaviska geofysikermotet (1918 : Goteborg, Sweden). Skandinaviska geofysikermotet i Goteborg den 28 ‑ 31 augusti 1918 : forhandlingar. Utgivna av Otto Nordenskjold och Hans Pettersson. Goteborg : Goteborgs handelstidnings aktiebolags tryckeri, 1919.

Incomplete contents: I. Organisation och motesforhand‑linger ‑‑ II. Referat av f_redrag (Veirforutsigelse / Vilhelm Bjerknes, p. 1‑10 ‑‑ Forslag til geofysik verdenskart / Vilhelm Bjerknes, p. 74‑77).

QC801 .S56 1918

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Über die hydrodynamishen Gleichungen in Lagrangescher und Eulerscher Form und ihre Linearisierung fur das Studium kleiner Störungen. Oslo : I kommisjon hos Cammermeyers boghandel, 1929. Series: Geofysiske publikasjoner ; v. 5, no. 11.

QC801 .N67 v.5, no.11

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Über thermodynamische Maschinen die unter Mitwirkung der Schwerkraft arbeiten. Leipzig : B.G. Teubner, 1916. "Mit 4 figuren im text." Series: Abhandlungen der Mathematisch‑Physischen Classe der Königlich Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften ;35. Bd., no. 1.

TJ265 .B54 1916

Friedman, Robert Marc, 1949‑ Vilhelm Bjerknes and the Bergen school of meteorology, 1918‑1923 : a study of the economic and military foundations for the transformation of atmospheric science. Thesis (Ph.D.)‑‑Johns Hopkins University, 1979.

Facsimile reproduction by microfilm‑xerography. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International, 1981.

QC857.N7 F74 1979

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Vorlesungen über hydrodynamische Fernkrufte nach C.A. Bjerknes' Theorie. Leipzig : J. A. Barth, 1900‑1902. 2 v. Contents: Bd. 1. Die Bewegung eines Systems von Kugeln mit veränderlichem Volumen in einer inkompressiblen reibungslösen Flüssigkeit. Theorie der scheinbaren Fernkräfte hydrodynamischen Ursprunges ‑‑ Bd. 2. Versuche über hydrodynamische Fernkräfte. Die Analogie hydrodynamischer Erscheinungen mit elektrischen oder magnetischen. Also available online from: Cornell Library Historical Mathematics Monographs collection

QA911 .B52 1900

Electronic access: Bd. 1.

Electronic access: Bd. 2.

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. [Problem der Wettervorhersage, betrachtet vom Standpunkte der Mechanik und der Physik. English] Weather forecasting as a problem in mechanics and physics. Los Angeles : s.n., 1954? Typescript. Orginally published in Meteorologische Zeitschrift in Januar 1904. English translation by Y. Mintz, Los Angeles,

QC995 .B5513 1904 Repr.1954

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Wettervorhersage. Uppsala : Almqvist & Wiksells, 1919. "Vortrag gehalten auf dem skandinavischen Geophysikerkongress in Goteborg, 28. August 1918." Series: Meddelanden fr»n K. Vetenskapsakademiens Nobelinstitut ; Bd. 5, no. 3.

QC880 .B5 1919

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. Zellulare Tragheitswellen und Turbulenz. V. Bjerknes und H. Solberg. Oslo : Komisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad, 1929. "Utgitt for Fridtjof Nansen Fond." Series: Avhandlinger (Norske videnskabs‑akademi. I‑‑Mat.‑naturv. klasse) ; no. 7.

QC880.4.A8 B5 1929

Internet resources on Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862-1951)

Arven etter Vilhelm Bjerknes. Bergens Tidende, June 13, 2002

“Universitetet i Bergen har mottatt den gledelige melding at Bjerknessenteret for klimaforskning har fått status som senter for fremragende forskning. Denne status gir en finansiering som bør gi klimaforskning i Bergen et løft mot ypperste internasjonale nivå, skriver Sigbjørn Grønås, professor i meteorologi, Geofysisk institutt, UiB”

http://www.bt.no/meninger/kronikk/article92098

Bergensskolens far: Han hadde en uvanlig lang forskerkarriere, Vilhelm Bjerknes. Like etter at han hadde tatt artium, begynte han som assistent for sin professorfar, og i sitt 87. år skrev han sin siste avhandling. Universitetet i Oslo. 2000.

http://www.uio.no/om_uio/navn/bjerknes.html

Bjerknes : pioneers in modern meteorology and climatic research. Bergen : BCCR, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 2003.

http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/about/bjerknes_biogr.html

Grimes, Doria. Bjerknes – like father – like son. Abstract of the Power Point presentation given at: International Commission on History of Meteorology (ICHM) Conference, Polling, Germany, July 2004.

http://www.meteohistory.org/2004polling_preprints/docs/abstracts/grimes1_abstract.pdf

Bjerknes Centenary 2004: Climate Change in High Latitudes. Open Science Conference, September 1-3, 2004, Bergen, Norway.

http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/conference2004/

“The conference will commemorate the centenary of Vilhelm Bjerknes´ pioneer publication of 1904: The problem of weather forecasting as a problem in mechanics and physics, Met. Zeits. Wien 21: 1-7. This scientific article paved the way for modern meteorology and practical weather forecasting, as well as leading to modern climate research.”

Bjerknes, Vilhelm Friman Koren, Encyclopedia Britannica Online

http://www.britannica.com

Bjerknes, Vilhelm Friman Koren, The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed.

New York, N.Y. : Columbia University Press, 2004.

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0807730.html

Allaby, Michael. Bjerknes, Vilhelm Frimann Koren. Encyclopedia of Weather and Climate. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2002.

Science Online (http://www.factsonfile.com/)

http://www.fofweb.com/Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&iPin=enweath0380

Miller, Jeff. Images of mathematicians on postage stamps. Bjerknes, Vilhelm. New Port Richey, Fla., [2003?]

http://jeff560.tripod.com/

http://jeff560.tripod.com/bjerk1.jpg

http://jeff560.tripod.com/bjerk2.jpg

http://www.freestampcatalogue.com/database/landcat.php3?jaar=1962&code=NO

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Bjerknes_Vilhelm.html

On the shoulders of giants. Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862-1951). NASA, Earth Observatory

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Bjerknes/bjerknes.html

Mathematics and meteorology (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Bjerknes/bjerknes_2.html)

Contiuing the saga

(http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Bjerknes/bjerknes_3.html)

Links and references

(http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Bjerknes/bjerknes_4.html)

O'Connor, J.J., and E.F. Robertson, Vilhelm Freimann Korean Bjerknes.

School of Mathematics and Statistics. University of St. Andrews, Scotland, July 2000.

http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bjerknes_Vilhelm.html

Vilhelm Bjerknes. European Geophysical Society. 1995

http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/egs/bjerknes.htm

Vilhelm Bjerknes Medal since 1995. European Geosciences Society. 2003

http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/awards/vilhelm_bjerknes_overview.html

http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/egs/award6k.htm

This medal has been established in 1995 by the Section on Oceans and Atmosphere (OA) in recognition of scientific achievements of Vilhelm Bjerknes. It is reserved for distinguished research in atmospheric sciences.

Grønås, Sigbjørn. Vilhelm Bjerknes og loven om værvarsling. Published online. In: P2-akademiet. Foredrag ved Sigbjørn Grønås 29. og 31. januar. Publisert 27.01.2004 11:59

http://www.nrk.no/programmer/radio/p2_akademiet/3464396.html

Calderón, Manuel Palomares. Vilhelm Bjerknes y los inicios de la meteorologíía moderna (I). Revista del Aficionado a la Meteorologia, no. 9, marzo, 2003.

http://www.meteored.com/ram/numero9/indice.asp

Vilhelm Firman Koren Bjerknes (1862 ‑ 1951) In: Reid, John D. Weather prediction in the 19^th and early 20^th centuries : a Canadian perspective. c1999-2003.

http://www.magma.ca/~jdreid/Bjerknes.htm

http://www.magma.ca/~jdreid/

Printed resources on Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862-1951):

Friedman, Robert Marc, 1949- Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology. Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1989. Published in cooperation with Uppsala Studies in History and Science.

QC858.B53 F75 1989

Schneider, Stephen H., ed. Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

QC854 .E523 1996

In memory of Vilhelm Bjerknes on the 100th anniversary of his birth. Published by Det Norske videnskaps‑akademi i Oslo in cooperation with the American Meteorological Society, Boston. Oslo : Universitetsforlaget, 1962. Prepared by: Olaf Devik, Tor Bergeron, and Carl Ludvig Godske. Vol. 24 of the series: Geofysiske publikasjoner, dedicated to Vilhelm Bjerknes; issued with v. 24, no. 1-11. Series: Geofysiske publikasjoner ;v. 24.

QC801 .N67 v.24

Ahrens, C. Donald. Meteorology: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment. St. Paul: West Publishing Company, 2000.

QC861.2 .A3 6th ed. 2000

Moran, Joseph M., and Michael D. Morgan. Meteorology: The Atmosphere and the Science of Weather. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1997.

QC861.2 .M625 1997

Bergeron, Tor, 1891‑ Vilhelm Bjerknes och hans livsverk. Stockholm : Sörtryck ur Svenska Fysikersamfundets Arsbok Kosmos, 1952.

QC858 .A3 B6 1952

Carl Bjerknes (1825-1903)

Father of Vilhelm and grandfather of Jacob

(Photo courtesy of JOC/EFR, November 2002)

For more information on Carl Bjerknes visit:

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bjerknes_Carl.html

List of selected publications by Jacob Bjerknes held in the NOAA Library Network:

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Analyzed weather maps of the North Pacific Ocean, Nov. 1, 1939‑Mar. 31, 1939. 2 v. of charts (loose‑leaf) Photocopy of ms. charts.

QC994.6 .B5 1944 v.1

QC994.6 .B5 1944 v.2

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. P‑3880 [Santa Monica, Calif.? : Rand Corp.], 1968.

QC880.4.A8 B52 1968

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. The deepening of extra-tropical cyclones.

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol. 66, suppl., p. 57-59. London : Royal Meteorological Society, 1940.

QC851 .R75 v. 66

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Detailed analysis of synoptic weather as observed from photographs taken on two rocket flights over White Sands, New Mexico, July 26, 1948. Santa Monica, Calif. : Rand Corporation, 1951. This paper originally appeared as an appendix to RAND Report R‑218. P‑887.

QC874 .B54 1951

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Diagnostic and prognostic application of mountain observations. Kristiania : I kommission hos Cammermeyers boghandel, 1924.

Series Title: Geofysiske publikationer ; v. 3, no. 6.

QC801 .N67 v.3, no.6

Godske, C. L. (Carl Ludvig), 1906‑1970. Dynamic meteorology and weather forecasting. C.L. Godske, T. Bergeron, J. Bjerknes, R.C. Bundgaard. Boston : American Meteorological Society, 1957. Series title: Carnegie Institution of Washington publications ; 605.

QC880 .G6 1957

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. "El Niño" study based on analysis of ocean surface temperatures 1935‑57 = Estudio de "El Niño” basado en el analisis de las temperaturas de la superficie del océno de 1935‑57. Text in both English and Spanish. La Jolla, Calif. : Inter‑American Tropical Tuna Commission, 1961. Series: Bulletin (Inter‑American Tropical Tuna Commission) ; v. 5, no. 3.

QL614 .I522 v.5, no.3

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Exploration de quelques perturbations atmosphériques à l'aide de sondages rapprochés dans le temps. Oslo : I kommisjon hos Cammermeyers boghandel, 1932. Series: Geofysiske publikasjoner ; vol. 9, no. 9.

QC801 .N67 v.9, no.9

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Extratropical cyclones. Mimeograph (with author's additions, corrections and notes in ms.) Published in the Compendium of meteorology by the American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, 1951, p. 577‑598. Mimeographed copy of manuscript in Rare Book Room at the NOAA Central Library; "Property of Dr. Louis W. Uccellini."

QC880.4.A8 B53 1951

Electronic access: http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/LSN3830.PDF

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Extratropical cyclones. Boston, Mass. : American Meteorological Society, 1951. Reprinted from the Compendium of meteorology, p. 577‑598.: Also available online in PDF format. "Property of Dr. Louis W. Uccellini."

QC880.4.A8 B54 1951

Electronic access: http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/LSN3831.PDF

Forecasting research project : report on a cooperative project conducted by the University of California, Los Angeles, and the U.S. Weather Bureau. Los Angeles, Calif., 1950. Prepared under U.S. Weather Bureau contract Cwb‑8114 of fiscal year 1949.

Contents: Pt. 1. Numerical measurements of the vorticity field and its relation to dynamic stability in the atmosphere / by Jack C. Thomson. ‑‑ Pt. 2. Extratropical cyclones / by J. Bjerknes.

QC880.4 .A8 B544

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Half‑a‑century of change in the 'meteorological scene'. [1964] 12 leaves. Typescript. Paper read before the American Meteorological Society in 1964 on the occasion of honoring of Harald Urlik Sverdrup with the gold medal by AMS. Original typed manuscript in Rare Book Room at NOAA Central Library; "Property of Dr. Louis W. Uccellini."

QC995 .B55 1964

Electronic access: http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/LSN3833.PDF

Investigation of the general circulation of the atmosphere. Jacob Bjerknes, Project Director. Final report entitled: Investigations of the general circulation of the atmosphere. Los Angeles, Calif. : University of California, Los Angeles, [Dept. of Meteorology], 1949‑[1955?] Research ... made possible through support and sponsorship extended by the Geophysical Research Directorate of the Cambridge Field Station, AMC, U. S.Air Force, under Contract AF 19 (122)‑48." Some issues in typescript. Reports no. 1‑5 bound together and comprise generic project reports by the project director or proxy. (Incomplete contents) Reports no. 6‑8 bound together and include: [Progress reports] / Jakob Bjerknes ‑‑ The geostrophic poleward flux of angular momentum in the month of January 1949 / by Yale Mintz‑‑ The observed mean field of motion of the atmosphere / by Yale Mintz and Gordon Dean ‑‑ Summer situations on 300, 200, and 100 MB maps over the northern hemisphere / by Adam Kochanski ‑‑ The geostrophic poleward flux of sensible heat in the month of January 1949 / by Yale Mintz ‑‑ The effect of winds and tides on the length of the day / by Yale Mintz and WalterMunk; Three pts. of no. 9 bound together and include: The daily geostrophic poleward flux of angular momentum and daily contour heights and sea‑level pressures in January 1949 / by Yale Mintz and Robert Pyle ‑‑ The contour‑channel method of computing the geostrophic poleward flux of sensible heat, angular momentum, or other atmospheric properties / by Yale Mintz and Shih‑Kung Kao – Progress report / Jacob Bjerknes. Series: Scientific report (University of California, Los Angeles. Dept. of Meteorology : 1953)

QC880.4.A8 I5 Final (Mar.1955)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.1 (Feb.1953)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.1‑5 (Sep. 1949-Sep. 1950)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.2 (Feb.1953)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.3 (Aug.1953)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.5 (Oct.1953)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.6 (Feb.1954)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.6‑8 (Dec.1950‑June 1951)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.7 (July 1954)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.9 (Dec.1954)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.9 (Sept.1951)

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Investigations of selected European cyclones by means of serial ascents : case 3, December 30‑31, 1930. Oslo : I kommisjon hos Cammermeyers boghandel, 1935. Series: Geofysiske publikasjoner ; vol. 11, no. 4.

QC801 .N67 v.11, no.4

QC801 .N67 v.11, no.4 Repr.1944

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Investigations of selected European cyclones by means of serial ascents : case 4, February 15‑17, 1935. J. Bjerknes and E. Palmen. Oslo : I kommisjon hos Cammermeyers boghandel, 1937.

Series: Geofysiske publikasjoner ; vol. 12, no. 2.

QC801 .N67 v.12, no.2

Investigations of the general circulation of the atmosphere : final report. Jacob Bjerknes, Project Director ; Yale Mintz, associate project director. Los Angeles : Dept. of Meteorology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1955. Sponsored by Geophysical Research Directorate, U.S. Air Force.

QC880.4.A8 I4 1955

Large‑scale synoptic processes : final report. Jacob Bjerknes, Project Director. Los Angeles : Dept. of Meteorology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1957. Sponsored by Geophysical Research Directorate, U.S. Air Force.

QC874.5 .L375 1957

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Life cycle of cyclones and the polar front theory of atmospheric circulation. J. Bierknes and H. Solberg. Kristiania : Grøndahl & søns boktrykkeri, 1922. Series: Geofysiske publikationer ; v. 3, no. 1.

QC801 .N67 v.3, no.1

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Meteorological conditions for the formation of rain. J. Bjerknes and H. Solberg. Kristiania : I kommission hos Cammermeyers boghandel, 1921.

Series: Geofysiske publikationer ; v. 2, no. 3.

QC801 .N67 v.2, no.3

QC925.4.A3 N8 1921

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Meteorological conditions for the formation of rain. In French. Les conditions météorologiques de formation de la pluie ; L'Evolution des cyclones et la circulation atmosphérique d'après la théorie du front polaire. J. Bjerknes et H. Solberg. Paris : Office national météorologique, 1923.

Series title: Memorial de l'Office national météorologique de France ; no. 6 (1923)

QC925.4.N8 B514 1923

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. On the structure of moving cyclones.

Kristiania : Grøndahl & søns boktrykkeri, 1919. Issued by: Den Geofysiske Kommission.

Series: Geofysiske publikationer ; v. 1, no. 2.

QC801 .N67 v.1, no.2

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. On the theory of cyclones.

Los Angeles, Calif. : University of California, Dept. of Meteorology, 1944? "Reprinted from the Journal of meteorology, v. 1, nos. 1 and 2, September, 1944."

QC880 .B54 1944

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Practical examples of polar‑front analysis over the British Isles in 1925‑6. Published by the authority of the Meteorological Committee. London : H. M. Stationery Office, 1930. Issued with series nos. 41‑50 in bound vol. 5 (1928‑1930), pub. 1930; issued also separately. Series: Geophysical memoirs (Great Britain. Meteorological Office) ; no. 50. Series: Met. O. ; 307j.

QC801 .G7 no. 50

Mieghem, Jacques van. Provision du temps par l'analyse des cartes météorologiques. Jacques van Mieghem. Preface de J. Bjerknes. Paris, Gauthier‑Villars & cie, 1936.

Series: Institut belge de recherches radioscientifiques (Series) ; v. 6.

QC994.6 .B54 1936

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. The problem of cyclogenesis from Helmholtz time to the present. Mimeograph (with author's additions in ms.) "Supplement to Meteorology 201 A." Mimeographed copy of manuscript in Rare Book Room at NOAA Central Library; "Property of Dr. Louis W. Uccellini."

QC880.4.A8 B56 1953

Electronic access: http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/LSN3832.PDF

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Recent warming of the North Atlantic. Stockholm : Generalstabens litografisksa Ansalt, 1959. A reprint from: The atmosphere and the sea in motion : scientific contributions to the Rossby memorial volume. New York : Rockefeller Institute Press, 1959, p. 65-73. Series: Contributions to meteorology, no. 45.

QC852 .B653 1959

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Selected papers of Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes. Edited by M.G. Wurtele ; with contributions by Jule G. Charney, Yale Mintz, Jerome Namias. North Hollywood, Calif. : Western Periodicals Co., 1975. English, French, and German.

QC852 .B44 1975

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Studies in climate dynamics for environmental security: large‑scale ocean/atmosphere interaction resulting from variable heat transfer at the Equator. Santa Monica, Calif., Rand, 1970. Research ... supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract no. DAHC15 67 C 0141. Series: Research memorandum (Rand Corporation) ; RM‑6353‑ARPA.

Q180.A1 R36 no. 6353

Belmont, A. D. Summary of Ice Island "T‑3" upper air temperature data, 1952‑53, and comparison with other polar station data. J. Bjerknes, Project Director. Los Angeles : University of California, Department of Meteorology, 1954. Sponsored in part by: Geophysics Research Directorate of the Air Force Cambridge Research Center, Air Research and Development Command, under contract no. AF 19(122)‑228 Abstract: Contains unsummarized radiosonde data including heights and mean temperature. Also, includes charts, graphs, and photos of mean temperature. Data are for Ice Island, Central Arctic regions during 1952‑1953.

QC994.8.A68 B2 1954 archive

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Survey of El Niño 1957‑58 in its relation to tropical Pacific meteorology = Estudio de El Niño 1957‑58 en relacion a la meteorologia del Pacífico tropical. La Jolla, Calif. : Inter‑American Tropical Tuna Commission, 1966. Text in English and Spanish. Series: Bulletin (Inter‑American Tropical Tuna Commission); v. 12, no. 2.

QL614 .I522 v.12, no.2

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Synoptic survey of the interaction of sea and atmosphere in the North Atlantic. Oslo : Universitetsforlaget, 1962. "Fremlagt i Videnskaps‑akademiets mte den 9de februar 1962."

Series: Geofysiske publikasjoner ; v. 24, no. 3.

QC801 .N67 v.24, no.3

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. Theory of extra‑tropical cyclone formation. Translated from German by P.F. Clapp, U.S. Weather Bureau. 1937. Translated from J. Bjerknes: Theorie der aussertropischen Zyclonenbildung. Met. Zeit, Haft 12, 1937, p. 462‑466.

QC880.4.A8 B544 1937

The upper level winds project : final report. Prepared for Air Materiel Command, Geophysical Research Directorate, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories. Los Angeles : University of California at Los Angeles, Dept. of Meteorology, 1953. Intro. by Jurgen Holmboe attributes this report on barotropic waves and flow in part to J. Bjerknes' theories of atmospheric waves set forth in his following works: On the structure of moving cyclones (1918) and Theorie der aussertropischen Zyclonenbildung (1937). "Contract No. W28‑099 ac‑403."

QC935 .U7 1953

Internet resources on Jacob Bjerknes (1897-1975):

Eliassen, Arnt. Bibliographical memoir: Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes, November 2, 1897 - July 7, 1975. Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences, 2003.

Bjerknes Centenary 2004 Open Science Conference : Climate Change in High Latitude.

September 1-3, 2004, Bergen, Norway. Bjerknes BCCR, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 2003.

http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/conference2004/program.html

http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/jbjerknes.html

http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/jbjerknes.pdf

Allaby, Michael. Bjerknes, Jacob A. B. Encyclopedia of Weather and Climate. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2002. Science Online. http://www.factsonfile.com/

http://www.fofweb.com/Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&iPin=enweath0379

Bjerknes : pioneers in modern meteorology and climatic research. Bergen : BCCR, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 2003.

http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/about/bjerknes_biogr.html

A Climate Research Centre in Bergen, Norway. Brochure in PDF format. Bjerknes Centre for climate Research. Bergen, Norway, 2003.

http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/about/Brochure.pdf

The eye of the cyclone. In: McMurray, Emily, ed. Notable Twentieth Century Scientists (Gale Research Inc., ITP, 1995). Pub. Online in: ScienceNow, 3 Nov. 1997 (American Association for the Advancement of Science, c1997)

http://bric.postech.ac.kr/science/97now/97_11now/971103e.html

Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes. Biographical memoirs, v. 68, pp. 3-22. Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Also in E-book format from the National Academy Press home page.

http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/jbjerknes.html

http://books.nap.edu/openbook/0309052394/html/3.html

Jacob Bjerknes. Digital photograph courtesy of Eugene M. Rasmussen, University of Maryland. High resolution image available for downloading.

http://www.atmos.washington.edu/gcg/RTN/Figures/RTN8B.html

McPeak, William J. Jacob Bjerknes (1897-1975). Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union (AGU), 1989.

http://www.agu.org/inside/awards/bjerknes.html

Jacob Bjerknes : the synthesizer. In: History of El Niño : tracking a global mistery. Redwood Shores, Calif. : Oracle Think Quest, Education Fundation, 2003.