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Linko, A.K., 1907: Studies on the Composition and Life of Plankton of the Barents Sea, St. Petersburg: Committee for Helping Pomors (Coast-Dwellers) of the Russian North.
Preface |
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The present study is the first attempt to survey the information on plankton of the Barents Sea obtained during scientific expeditions and commercial cruises predominantly for 1903-1904. As to the rest of the materials, only a small portion of them is introduced into this book, which seems to be able to explain the general idea of this study and to provide it with maximum information. The book, as a whole, is divided into three Parts. The first Part surveys literature on plankton in general. However, it is too short to include all the available sources of information; I took only the most important issues trying to group the events from plankton life so that we could observe the plankton effects of external physical factors. The second and third Parts represent a special review of phyto- and zooplankton. In spite of its large size, this study is far from being complete: no consideration has been given to the groups of worms and the larval forms; in summary, the group of Tunicata has been touched but slightly. In addition, many interesting observations of plankton carried out in the summer of 1906 could not be included into the survey; therefore, this survey is, as said above, an experiment or a preliminary report. In the chapter about zooplankton, in some cases, I tried to depict graphically the vertical distribution of different organisms based on the data obtained by means of vertical differentiated catches. My study contains no element typical of the major studies on plankton, i.e., description of organism communities that, from time to time, co-exist together. I did so because I thought that would be ahead of time: there are many questions on this matter that remain unclear for me. A literature index has been done in a regular way: after the author’s name follows the number in parentheses coinciding with the number of the article by this author in the references. |
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| Part I | |
| General information about plankton | 1 |
| Idea of plankton. Phyto- and zooplankton | 1 |
| Pelagic areas | 7 |
| Vertical distribution of plankton | 12 |
| Temperature value | 15 |
| Salinity value | 16 |
| Change in plankton composition | 19 |
| Current indexes. Plankton-fish relationships | 22 |
| Sea nitrogen | 22 |
| Fish food | 24 |
| Sea food reserves | 26 |
| Part II | |
| Phytoplankton | 28 |
| Catch methods | 30 |
| List of plankton organisms | 31 |
| Flagellatae | 40 |
| Chlorophyceae | 42 |
| Silicoflagellatae | 49 |
| Diatomacea | 49 |
| Peridiniales | 88 |
| Conclusion | 108 |
| Part III | |
| Zooplankton | 114 |
| Foraminifera | 114 |
| Radiolaria | 117 |
| Tintinnodea | 124 |
| Hydromedusae | 148 |
| Siphonophorae | 154 |
| Scyphomedusae | 155 |
| Clenophora | 156 |
| Chaetognata | 159 |
| Copepoda | 161 |
| Cladocera | 192 |
| Ostracoda | 194 |
| Amphipoda | 196 |
| Schizopoda | 203 |
| Molluska | 206 |
| Tunicata | 208 |
| Conclusion | 214 |
| Forms: warm water and cold water | 219 |
| Chart of geographical zooplankton distribution | 215 |
| Species: oceanic and neritic | 222 |
| Importance of Cape Nordkup current | 224 |
| Changes in plankton composition at the coast and on the open sea | 227 |
| Zoogeographical nature of the Barents Sea in terms of plankton | 235 |
| Plankton and fish | 237 |
| References | 240 |